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Vertical Distribution
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Vertical Distribution of Groundwater Groundwater is distributed in subsurface zones with varying characteristics. The zone of rock fracture contains openings that can hold water, while below it, the dense rock zone has limited water capacity. The zone of aeration is partially filled with air and water, supporting vegetation, while the zone of saturation is fully water-saturated, with the water table marking its upper boundary. This saturated zone can be accessed through wells, which reveal groundwater levels. Vadose hydrology, occurring above the water table, plays a crucial role in managing water transfer between surface and groundwater, influencing factors like precipitation and moisture management.