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Wastewater management
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Hydrogeology-Sanitation linkages Effective management of wastewater and solid waste is crucial for public health and environmental sustainability. This includes safe collection, treatment, and recycling of household wastewater, human excreta, and solid waste, alongside stormwater drainage and hazardous waste management. Urban areas typically rely on sewer systems for off-site sanitation, while rural areas may use septic tanks or soak pits for on-site solutions. Key factors influencing the movement of pathogens through soil include filtration and adsorption, which help reduce contaminants. Understanding these processes and implementing proper sanitation practices are essential for reducing health risks and protecting groundwater.